Subnetting Class C Address Problem 1

Problem 1.

192.168.10.0 /25  (IP Address)

So  Subnet Mask is  255.255.255.128 (i.e. /25 )

128 means 1 ON bit and  7 OFF
Host = 256-128 ==>128
Network = 2^X==>2^1 ==> 2

NETWORK 1

192.168.0.0 (Network ID)
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3
192.168.0.4
.
.
.
.
192.168.0.123
192.168.0.124
192.168.0.125
192.168.0.126
192.168.0.127 (Broadcast ID)

NETWORK 2

192.168.0.128 (Network ID)
192.168.0.129
192.168.0.130
192.168.0.131
192.168.0.132
.
.
.
.
.
192.168.0.251
192.168.0.252
192.168.0.253
192.168.0.254
192.168.0.255 (Broadcast ID)

CIDR Table

CLASSLESS INTER DOMAIN ROUTING(CIDR)

CIDR is the method that ISP(Internet Service Provider) use to allot the IP Address to companies or Home or College or Customer .They provide in a certain block size
when you recieve address from Internet service Provider that will get like this 192.168.10.32/28

For Example This will be telling  you what the subnet mask is?

128 |  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   (i.e. 1 Bit ON and 7 OFF)

192 |  1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0   (i.e. 2 Bits ON and 6 OFF)

224 |  1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0    (i.e. 3 Bits ON and 5 OFF)

240 |  1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0    (i.e. 4 Bits ON and 4 OFF)

248 |  1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0    (i.e. 5 Bits ON and 3 OFF)

252 |  1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0    (i.e. 6 Bits ON and 2 OFF)

254 |  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0    (i.e. 7 Bits ON and 1 OFF)

255 |  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1    (i.e. 8 Bits ON and  0 OFF)

Subnet Mask                                       CIDR Value

CLASS A

255.0.0.0                                                     /8

255.128.0.0                                                 /9

255.192.0.0                                                 /10

255.224.0.0                                                 /11

255.240.0.0                                                 /12

255.248.0.0                                                 /13

255.252.0.0                                                 /14

255.254.0.0                                                 /15

CLASS B

255.255.0.0                                                 /16

255.255.128.0                                             /17

255.255.192.0                                             /18

255.255.224.0                                             /19

255.255.240.0                                             /20

255.255.248.0                                             /21

255.255.252.0                                             /22

255.255.254.0                                             /23

CLASS C

255.255.255.0                                            /24

255.255.255.128                                        /25

255.255.255.192                                        /26

255.255.255.224                                        /27

255.255.255.240                                        /28

255.255.255.248                                        /29

255.255.255.252                                        /30

255.255.255.254                                        /31

255.255.255.255                                        /32

Subnet Mask working

subnet mask working:

Communication between a node on a local subnetwork and a node on a different subnetwork is like communication between nodes on two different networks. To a user, routing between subnetworks is transparent. Internally, however, the IP software recognizes any IP addresses that are destined for a subnetwork and sends those packets to the gateway for that subnetwork.

When subnet masks are used, an IP address is interpreted as follows:

[IP address] = [Network address][Subnetwork address][Host address]

This shows that when a network is divided into subnetworks, the host address portion of the IP address is divided into two parts, the subnetwork address and the host address.

For example, if a network has the Class B IP network address portion 129.47, the remainder of the IP address can be divided into subnetwork addresses and host addresses. This division is controlled by the network administrator to allow the most flexibility for network development at the site.

A subnet mask is the mechanism that defines how the host portion of the IP address is divided into subnetwork addresses and local host address portions. The subnet mask is a 32-bit, (four byte) number, just as an IP address is.

To understand the mechanics of the subnet mask, it is important to know a little of binary arithmetic.

CLASSLESS INTER DOMAIN ROUTING(CIDR)

CIDR is the method that ISP (Internet Service Provider) use to allot the IP Address to companies or Home or College or Customer .They provide in a certain block size

when you recieve address from Internet service Provider that will get like this 192.168.10.32/28

  

For Example This will be telling  you what the subnet mask is?

We will Discuss in Next Post this is the must Important Chapter for understanding  IP Address ?

Subnetting Question 1

128 | 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192 | 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
224 | 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
240 | 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
248 | 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
252 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
254 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
255 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 1.First query of Subnetting

192.168.0.10       (IP address )

255.255.255.192 (Subnet mask) 

Now we have to calculate the How many host allot in per Network 

256-192 = 64 (Host in Per Network) from 0 to 63 is total 64  i. e. 1 for Network ID and 1 for Broadcast ID and 62 is the HOST 

(IP address is the Class C Address) We have to see the Host that is 192
 ON Bits(1) ==> 2   (See in the Table 192 have 2 ON  Bits)
 OFF Bits (0) ==> 6 (See in the Table 192 have 6 OFF Bits)

 Network ==> 2^X = 2^2==> 4
 Host ==> 2^Y-2 = 2^6-2==> 62

  1. Network Number 1 

192.168.0.0 (Network ID)
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3
192.168.0.4
192.168.0.5
.
 .
 .
 .
192.168.0.58
192.168.0.59
192.168.0.60
192.168.0.61
192.168.0.62
192.168.0.63 (Broadcast ID)

  2. Network Number 2 

 192.168.0.64 (Network ID)
192.168.0.65
192.168.0.66
192.168.0.67
192.168.0.68
.
 .
 .
 .
 .
192.168.0.123
192.168.0.124
192.168.0.125
192.168.0.126
192.168.0.127 (Broadcast ID)

  3. Network Number 3 

 192.168.0.128 (Network ID)
192.168.0.129
192.168.0.130
192.168.0.131
192.168.0.132
 .
.
.
 .
192.168.0.187
192.168.0.188
192.168.0.189
192.168.0.190
  192.168.0.191 (Broadcast ID)

 4. Network Number 4 

192.168.0.192 (Network ID)
192.168.0.193
192.168.0.194
192.168.0.195
192.168.0.196
 .
.
.
.
.
192.168.0.251
192.168.0.252
192.168.0.253
192.168.0.254
192.168.0.255 (Broadcast ID)

Types Of IP Address

There are 2 types of IP Adress

1.  Public  IP Address
2.  Private IP Address


i) Public IP Address are routble Address
i) Private IP Address are non routble Address

ii) Public  IP Address are registered Address
ii) Private IP Address are Unregistered Address

iii)public   IP Address are Unique Address.
iii)Private  IP Address  Can be used Repeatedly.


Private IP ADDRESS are reserved IP Address


Class A

10.0.0.0  -  10.255.255.255


Class B
172.16.0.0 -  172.31.255.255

Class C
192.168.0.0  - 192.168.255.255


128 |  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192 |  1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
224 |  1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
240 |  1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
248 |  1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
252 |  1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
254 |  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
255 |  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

SOME QUERY

1.  192.168.0.1     (IP ADDRESS)
    255.255.255.128  (Subnet Mask)
    (IP address is the Class C Address) We have to see the Host that is 128

ON Bits(1) is 1 AND  OFF Bits (0) is the 7 see in the Table

So
Network = 2^1  ==>2
Host    =2^7-2 ==>128-2 ==> 126

 So the Network is 2 and Host is 126

Now we have to allocate the IP Address

Network no. 1

192.168.0.0(Network ID)
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3
192.168.0.4
192.168.0.5
192.168.0.6
192.168.0.7
192.168.0.8
192.168.0.9
192.168.0.10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
192.168.0.123
192.168.0.124
192.168.0.125
192.168.0.126
192.168.0.127(Broadcast ID)

We have 126 Host and 1 host is used for Network ID and 1 host is used for Broadcast ID (Total is 128 Host)

Network No. 2

192.168.0.128 ( Network ID)
192.168.0.129
192.168.0.130
192.168.0.131
192.168.0.132
192.168.0.133
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
192.168.0.250
192.168.0.251
192.168.0.252
192.168.0.253
192.168.0.254
192.168.0.255(BroadCast ID)
We have 126 Host and 1 host is used for Network ID and 1 host is used for Broadcast ID (Total is 128 Host)

IP Address Queries Initially

Internet Protocol is a routed protocol used to Send Packet
Class A     0-126
Class B     128-191
Class C     192-223
Class D     224-239
Class E     240-255


IP Address No. 127 is reserved for Loopback Testing
Default Subnet Mask
A   255.0.0.0
B   255.255.0.0
C   255.255.255.0

Network Means No. of ON Bits(1)
Host Means   No. of OFF bits(0)

Class A => 8/24   i.e. 8 ON & 24 OFF
Class B => 16/16  i.e. 16 ON & 16 OFF
Class C => 24/8   i.e. 24 ON & 8 OFF


SOME QUERIES
Default Network and Host
Class A
7 ON   2^7    (7 is the Power of 2) = 128 Network
24 OFF 2^24-2 (24 is the Power of 2)=16777214 Host

Class B
14 ON   2^14  (14 is the power of 2) =  16384 Network
16 OFF  2^16-2  (I6 is the power of 2)= 65534 Host

Class C
21 ON  2^21 (21 is the power of 2)  = 2097152 Network
8 OFF  2^8-2  (8 is the power of 2) = 254 Host

About IP Address

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    IP ADDRESS

Internet Protocol is a routed protocol used to Send Packet

Class A     0-126
Class B     128-191
Class C     192-223
Class D     224-239
Class E     240-255



IP Address No. 127 is reserved for Loopback Testing

Default Subnet Mask

A   255.0.0.0
B   255.255.0.0
C   255.255.255.0


Network Means No. of ON Bits(1)
Host Means   No. of OFF bits(0)


Class A => 8/24   i.e. 8 ON & 24 OFF
Class B => 16/16  i.e. 16 ON & 16 OFF
Class C => 24/8   i.e. 24 ON & 8 OFF

Network = 2^X ( X is the power of 2)
X is the no. of ON bits

Host =2^Y-2  ( Y is the power of 2)
Y is the no. of OFF bits